The knee is one of the most important joints in the human body. It allows us to walk, run, sit, and perform most everyday movements. It is a complex joint that connects the thigh (femur) to the leg (tibia) . At the front of the knee is the kneecap (patella) , which protects and improves the function of this joint.

Main components of the knee

Bones

• Femur: the thigh bone.

• Tibia: the largest bone in the leg.

• Patella: small bone located in the front of the knee.

A fourth bone, called the fibula , is the other bone in the lower leg. It forms a small joint with the tibia, which has very little movement and is not considered part of the main knee joint.

Cartilage

• It covers the surfaces of the bones within the joint, allowing smooth, frictionless movement.

Menisci

• They are two “C” shaped structures (fibrocartilage) that act as shock absorbers between the femur and tibia, helping to distribute weight and absorb impacts.

Ligaments

• Cruciate ligaments (anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and collaterals (internal and external), which stabilize the knee and prevent improper movement.

🔹 Muscles and tendons

• Especially the quadriceps and hamstrings , which allow flexion and extension of the leg.

What functions does the knee perform?

• It allows movements such as flexion, extension and slight rotation .

• Supports the weight of the body in activities such as standing, walking or running.

• Provides stability and balance .

Why is it important to take care of your knee?

Because it bears a large portion of the body's weight, the knee is prone to injury or wear, such as:

• Ligament injuries (ACL, PCL)

• Cartilage wear (osteoarthritis)

• Meniscus injuries

• Inflammation or bursitis